I wouldn't have wanted to be the scientists involved in this research... 
What a crazy world if fecal transplants ends up being our cure.
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What a crazy world if fecal transplants ends up being our cure.

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Sci Rep.
2016 Jun 27
Multiple sclerosis patients have a distinct gut microbiota compared to healthy controls.
Chen J1, Chia N2,3, Kalari KR1, Yao JZ2, Novotna M4,5, Soldan MM4, Luckey DH6, Marietta EV7, Jeraldo PR2, Chen X1, Weinshenker BG4, Rodriguez M4,6, Kantarci OH4, Nelson H2, Murray JA6,7, Mangalam AK6,8.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, the etiology of which involves both genetic and environmental factors. The exact nature of the environmental factors responsible for predisposition to MS remains elusive; however, it's hypothesized that gastrointestinal microbiota might play an important role in pathogenesis of MS.
Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether gut microbiota are altered in MS by comparing the fecal microbiota in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 31) patients to that of age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 36).
Phylotype profiles of the gut microbial populations were generated using hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3-V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Detailed fecal microbiome analyses revealed that MS patients had distinct microbial community profile compared to healthy controls.
We observed an increased abundance of Psuedomonas, Mycoplana, Haemophilus, Blautia, and Dorea genera in MS patients, whereas control group showed increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Adlercreutzia and Prevotella genera. Thus our study is consistent with the hypothesis that MS patients have gut microbial dysbiosis [= microbial imbalance or maladaptation on or inside the body] and further study is needed to better understand their role in the etiopathogenesis of MS
2016 Jun 27
Multiple sclerosis patients have a distinct gut microbiota compared to healthy controls.
Chen J1, Chia N2,3, Kalari KR1, Yao JZ2, Novotna M4,5, Soldan MM4, Luckey DH6, Marietta EV7, Jeraldo PR2, Chen X1, Weinshenker BG4, Rodriguez M4,6, Kantarci OH4, Nelson H2, Murray JA6,7, Mangalam AK6,8.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, the etiology of which involves both genetic and environmental factors. The exact nature of the environmental factors responsible for predisposition to MS remains elusive; however, it's hypothesized that gastrointestinal microbiota might play an important role in pathogenesis of MS.
Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether gut microbiota are altered in MS by comparing the fecal microbiota in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 31) patients to that of age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 36).
Phylotype profiles of the gut microbial populations were generated using hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3-V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Detailed fecal microbiome analyses revealed that MS patients had distinct microbial community profile compared to healthy controls.
We observed an increased abundance of Psuedomonas, Mycoplana, Haemophilus, Blautia, and Dorea genera in MS patients, whereas control group showed increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Adlercreutzia and Prevotella genera. Thus our study is consistent with the hypothesis that MS patients have gut microbial dysbiosis [= microbial imbalance or maladaptation on or inside the body] and further study is needed to better understand their role in the etiopathogenesis of MS

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